Review article Eun Ha Lee1, Chi Rac Hong2 1Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea Corresponding to Eun Ha Lee, E-mail: ehlee@kist.re.kr Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(1):2. https://doi.org/10.5145/ACM.2025.28.1.2Received on 10 October 2024, Revised on 21 November 2024, Accepted on 27 November 2024, Published on 30 December 2024.Copyright © Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology.This is an Open Access article which is freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Abstract Purpose: The human gut mycobiome comprises diverse fungal species and plays a crucial role in health and disease, despite its relatively low abundance compared to bacterial populations. This review provides an overview of the mycobiome’s composition, developmental patterns, and dysbiosis in various pathological conditions. In addition, the complex interactions of fungal communities within the gut microbiome are discussed. Current content: The