| Variables | CA-CDI (n = 127) | HA-CDI (n = 265) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 66.9±18.9 | 72.1±13.5 | 0.0064 | ||
| Sex, male | 51 (40.2) | 120 (45.3) | 0.3386 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2.4±2.1 | 2.7±1.9 | 0.1109 | ||
| Associated disease | |||||
| Biliary tract disease | 3 (2.4) | 8 (3.0) | 0.7133 | ||
| Cancer | 22 (17.3) | 59 (22.3) | 0.2593 | ||
| Pneumonia | 18 (14.2) | 57 (21.5) | 0.0863 | ||
| Heart failure | 5 (3.9) | 8 (3.0) | 0.6357 | ||
| Chronic respiratory disease | 5 (3.9) | 22 (8.3) | 0.1185 | ||
| Chronic renal disease | 24 (18.9) | 42 (15.9) | 0.4508 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (18.1) | 38 (14.3) | 0.3361 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (5.5) | 34 (12.8) | 0.0314 | ||
| Alcohol disorder | 5 (3.9) | 4 (1.5) | 0.1481 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 0 | 4 (1.5) | 0.9836 | ||
| Atherosclerosis | 4 (3.2) | 9 (3.4) | 0.8985 | ||
| Esophageal disorder | 1 (0.8) | 8 (3.0) | 0.2000 | ||
| Nutrition deficiency | 1 (0.8) | 4 (1.5) | 0.5580 | ||
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 8 (6.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0.0070 | ||
| Gastric ulcer | 2 (1.6) | 10 (3.8) | 0.2518 | ||
| History of antimicrobial use | |||||
| Any | 104 (81.9) | 244 (92.1) | 0.0036 | ||
| Penicillin | 28 (22.1) | 73 (27.6) | 0.2448 | ||
| Narrow-spectrum cephalosporin | 12 (9.5) | 37 (14.0) | 0.2090 | ||
| Extended-spectrum cephalosporin | 31 (24.4) | 69 (26.0) | 0.7293 | ||
| Inhibitor-combination | 12 (9.5) | 60 (22.6) | 0.0022 | ||
| Carbapenem | 9 (7.1) | 46 (17.4) | 0.0080 | ||
| Fluoroquinolone | 16 (12.6) | 58 (21.9) | 0.0298 | ||
| Teicoplanin | 4 (3.2) | 39 (14.7) | 0.0019 | ||
| Aminoglycoside | 0 | 5 (1.9) | 0.9880 | ||
| History of PPI use | 13 (10.2) | 34 (12.8) | 0.4603 | ||
| History of chemotherapy | 13 (10.2) | 28 (10.6) | 0.9209 | ||
| CDI-associated symptom | |||||
| Diarrhea | 84 (66.1) | 122 (46.0) | 0.0002 | ||
| Abdominal pain | 29 (22.8) | 29 (10.9) | 0.0023 | ||
| Fever (> 38°C) | 26 (20.5) | 33 (12.5) | 0.0394 | ||
| Prognosis | |||||
| Recovery | 112 (88.9) | 224 (84.5) | 0.2486 | ||
| Recurrence | 4 (3.2) | 15 (5.7) | 0.2855 | ||
| ICU admission | 3 (2.4) | 19 (7.2) | 0.0677 | ||
| Crude mortality | 14 (11.0) | 44 (16.6) | 0.1559 | ||
| C. difficile toxin | |||||
| A+B+CDT – | 115 (90.6) | 232 (87.6) | 0.3826 | ||
| B only | 8 (6.3) | 22 (8.3) | 0.4852 | ||
| A+B+CDT+ | 4 (3.2) | 11 (4.2) | 0.6286 | ||
| Ribotypes of C. difficile | |||||
| AB24 (ST129) | 3 (2.4) | 8 (3.0) | 0.7133 | ||
| AB25 (ST102) | 5 (3.9) | 8 (3.0) | 0.6357 | ||
| Ribotype 001 | 6 (4.7) | 16 (6.0) | 0.5979 | ||
| Ribotype 002 | 12 (9.5) | 17 (6.4) | 0.2856 | ||
| Ribotype 012 | 8 (6.3) | 14 (5.3) | 0.6828 | ||
| Ribotype 014/020 | 17 (13.4) | 43 (16.2) | 0.4654 | ||
| Ribotype 017 | 5 (3.4) | 18 (6.8) | 0.2660 | ||
| Ribotype 018 | 29 (22.8) | 58 (21.9) | 0.8318 | ||
| Ribotype 046 | 4 (3.2) | 18 (6.8) | 0.1523 | ||
| Ribotype 070 | 3 (2.4) | 4 (1.5) | 0.5540 | ||
| Ribotype 106 | 8 (6.3) | 14 (5.3) | 0.6828 | ||
| Others* | 27 (21.3) | 47 (17.7) | 0.4046 |