Table 5. Comparison of C. difficile growth in cultured isolates and toxin production status with GDH positivity rate
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study Download table Bacterial growth Toxin status GDH GDH positivity rate (%) + − 1 CFU Toxin+ 18 24 42.9 Toxin− 12 26 28.9 2 […]
Table 4. GDH and toxin A/B EIA positivity rates for C. difficile PCR ribotype
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study Download table Ribotypes No. GDH positive (%) Toxin positive (%) R014/020 78 77.9 30.8 R002 50 80.0 38.0 R018 37 86.5 59.5 R106 33 90.9 […]
Table 3. Comparison between GDH/toxin EIA test and C. difficile toxin B PCR (N = 6,119)
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study Download table C. difficile toxin B PCR + − GDH + toxin A/B + 743 263 − 157 4,956 Sensitivity: 82.6%; Specificity: 95.0%; PPV: […]
Table 2. Comparison between toxin EIA test and C. difficile toxin B PCR (N = 6,119)
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study Download table C. difficile toxin B PCR + − Toxin A/B + 315 10 − 585 5,209 Sensitivity: 35.0%; Specificity: 99.8%; PPV: 96.9%; NPV: […]
Table 1. Comparison between GDH test and C. difficile culture (N = 6,641)
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study Download table C. difficile culture Growth No growth GDH + 933 71 − 279 5,358 Sensitivity: 77.0%; Specificity: 98.7%; PPV: 92.9%; NPV: 95.1% Abbreviations: […]
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the tuberculosis infection continuum in relation to infectivity and immunologic test results. Abbreviations: TB, tuberculosis; TST/IGRA, tuberculin skin test/interferon-gamma release assays
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):17. Principles and clinical applications of interferon-gamma release assays in latent tuberculosis diagnosis Download image
Table 1. Indeterminate results from QuantiFERON-TB Gold Assays in different populations
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):17. Principles and clinical applications of interferon-gamma release assays in latent tuberculosis diagnosis Download table Author Study period Region Sample size Target disease Indeterminate rate Risk factor Ogawa et al. [44] 2016–2017 Japan 118 Hemodialysis 5.9% Long-term hemodialysis, older age (≥ 60 years) Edathodu et al. [45] 2008–2013 Saudi Arabia 278 ESRD, […]
Table 2. Overview of molecular genotyping techniques for mycobacteria
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):18. Challenges and advances in mycobacterial molecular typing Download table Technique Principle Advantages Limitations MTB applications NTM applications Ref Spoligotyping PCR detection of presence/absence of unique spacer sequences in the direct repeat locus Rapid, low DNA input (10 fg), standardized, suitable for degraded samples Low discriminatory power, not suitable for outbreak confirmation […]
Table 1. Divergent clinical and epidemiological drivers of genotyping for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria infections
Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):18. Challenges and advances in mycobacterial molecular typing Download table Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nontuberculous mycobacteria Infection source Human-to-human transmission via aerosols Environmental reservoirs: water, soil, biofilm, medical equipment Transmission dynamics High person-to-person spread, clustered outbreaks Rare human-to-human transmission, pseudo-outbreaks often due to laboratory/medical contamination Genotyping purpose Transmission tracking, antimicrobial resistance, outbreak investigationExamples: […]
Application of diagnostic algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection using a GDH/ toxin test for five years from a single center in Korea: a diagnostic accuracy study
Original article Heejung Kim Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea Correspondence to Heejung Kim, E-mail: hjkim12@yuhs.ac Ann Clin Microbiol 2025;28(3):14. https://doi.org/10.5145/ACM.2025.28.3.3Received on 15 May 2025, Revised on 5 August 2025, Accepted on 5 August 2025, Published on 20 September 2025.Copyright © Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology.This is an Open Access […]